Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining

In 1955, American computer scientist and cognitive scientist John McCarthy coined the term “artificial intelligence” (AI). He defined AI as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs” (1). In the 2001 film A.I.: Artificial Intelligence, Steven Spielberg tells the story of a highly advanced robotic boy who longs to become real so that he can regain the love his human mother (2). In 2004, Will Smith starred in the lead role of I, Robot — a film based loosely on Isaac Asimov’s short-story collection of the same name (3). Although the Hollywood movies are quite far-fetched, AI hit the spotlight on primetime television over three nights in February 2011 when the IBM Watson computer won on “Jeopardy!” against two human champions and took home a $1 million prize (4).

That men do not learn very much from the lessons of history is the most important of all the lessons that history has to teach.

—Aldous Huxley in Collected Essays (1959)

A lot of cutting edge AI has filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once something becomes useful enough and common enough it’s not labeled AI anymore.

—Nick Bostrom, Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute (2006)

Whenever an AI research project made a useful new discovery, that product usually quickly spun off to form a new scientific or commercial specialty with its own distinctive name.

—Professor Marvin Minsky, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (2009)

HAL’s not the focus; the focus is on the computer on ‘Star Trek.’

—David Ferrucci, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center (2011)

ChatGPT is an AI-powered conversational agent designed to engage in dialogue with users. It’s based on OpenAI’s GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture, specifically trained to understand and generate human-like text based on the input it receives.

—ChatGPT

To err is human. AI software modeled after humans will inevitably make mistakes. It is fine as long as the software learns from its errors and improves itself, which is something that humans ought to learn from AI.

—Newton Lee

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  1. Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, Los Angeles, CA, USA Newton Lee
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Lee, N. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining. In: Counterterrorism and Cybersecurity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63126-9_13

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